ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the significance of urine screening for school-age children by analyzing urine screening results of school-age children from Zhucheng City, Shandong Province, China, in 2013.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 37 344 school-age children were randomly selected from children 6 to 12 years of age in Zhucheng City. Morning urine was tested by routine screening test, and the children who tested positive were re-tested after two weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 2 388 children (6.39%) tested positive in the first screening, and 388 children (1.04%) tested positive again in the second screening. The positive rates in the first and second screening tests were 9.52% and 2.01%, respectively, in girls, which were significantly higher than those in boys (3.79% and 0.23%, respectively; P<0.05). Among the children who had positive test results in the second screening, 302 (0.81%) were diagnosed with urinary system diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Urine screening is an effective way for the early detection of some occult kidney diseases, which provides great benefits for early prevention and treatment of kidney diseases in children.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Early Diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Kidney Diseases , Diagnosis , Urine , UrinalysisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association of the Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphism of the PPAR gamma2 gene and their haplotypes with obesity and type 2 diabetes in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphisms in 207 patients with type 2 diabetes and 101 non-diabetic control subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In non-diabetic control population, the Ala allele frequency was 0.064, the T1431 allele frequency was 0.252. Haplotype analysis showed that the Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium (Do=0.63, r(2)=0.074), which constituted three major haplotypes Pro-C, Pro-T and Ala-T. (2) There were no significant differences of the distribution frequencies of the Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphism and their haplotypes between the type 2 diabetes mellitus group and non-diabetic control group (P > 0.05). (3) The Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with blood pressure and lipidemia in diabetic patients. The Ala allele significantly decreased the diastolic blood pressure of non-obese diabetic patients (P < 0.05), but it did not benefit to the obese diabetic patients for the lipidemia (P < 0.05). The C1431T polymorphism was associated with overweight and obesity in diabetic patients. The T1431 allele frequency in the body mass index > or = 25 layer was significantly higher than that in the body mass index < 25 layer (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphisms of the PPAR gamma2 gene might not be a major etiological factor for type 2 diabetes; the C1431T polymorphism was associated with overweight or obesity in diabetic patients.</p>